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The term that describes neighborhoods along the Texas-Mexico border that lack basic services is "Colonia." Colonias often emerge in underdeveloped regions and are characterized by inadequate infrastructure, including a lack of access to clean water, proper sewage systems, and reliable utilities. These areas can suffer from significant socioeconomic challenges, as residents may experience limited access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.

The other terms do not accurately capture the specific context of these underserved neighborhoods. "Municipios" typically refer to administrative divisions or municipalities within Mexico, which could encompass various urban and rural areas, not exclusively the disadvantaged ones. "Comunidad" translates to community, a broader term that can pertain to any group of people living in a shared space but does not imply the lack of services. "Cantón" is often used to describe a district or region in certain countries, particularly in Central America, and does not specifically denote an area lacking basic services. Thus, "Colonia" is the most appropriate term in this context.