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The MMR vaccine is the correct choice for preventing measles because it is specifically formulated to provide immunity against three viral infections: measles, mumps, and rubella. This combination vaccine is typically administered to children in two doses, the first usually given between the ages of 12 and 15 months and the second between 4 and 6 years.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe health complications, making vaccination critical for public health. The MMR vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight these viruses, thereby preventing the occurrence of the diseases they cause.

Other vaccine choices listed, such as the HPV vaccine, influenza vaccine, and pertussis vaccine, serve different purposes and protect against different infectious diseases. The HPV vaccine is aimed at preventing human papillomavirus infections, which are associated with certain cancers; the influenza vaccine protects against seasonal flu; and the pertussis vaccine is designed to prevent whooping cough. None of these vaccines confer immunity to measles, highlighting the specific role of the MMR vaccine in measles prevention.